Celebrating the
independent kiwi spirit of invention.
Original
list by Ian Mander started 1 February 2008. Added to this site (Aqualab)
26 November 2008. Database released 27 May 2009.
Please note that the date mentioned below that the database code was last updated
is not the date the data itself was last updated.
Driver List Database code 16 December 2019
Footnotes 10 August 2016
Video Foundry/Aqualab does not sell any of these drivers. Links are
provided to resellers. The short URL for this list is www.videofoundry.co.nz/driverlist. See the bottom of the page for my email address. If you're just a spam bot looking for fodder, spam the hell out of these spammers' addresses: spammer address 1, spammer address 2, spammer address 3. They deserve a taste of their own spam.
Note that some sellers are more reliable than others. Inclusion of particular resellers in this list is not an endorsement of them as businesses. Note that Fasttech closed in December 2022 but the drivers are still included for reference.
Output current is a guess. Input/output inconsistencies - buyer beware. Is it a boost driver or a buck/boost driver? One user claims it uses the XL6001 driver chip (datasheet - not presently linked from their web site), which offers PWM dimming. Efficiency figures from that datasheet.
1.3 A output at 18 V is actually 23.4 W, so it's likely the output isn't tightly regulated. This may be confirmed by one report of 1070 mA output. Efficiency figure is from a review.
Output voltage 16-18 V. Previously claimed to be suitable for E27 and GU10 light bulbs but is considerably bigger than drivers normally used for that purpose. Proposed purpose is a 5s5p array (25 total) of 1 W LEDs. Driver comes with its own heatsink.
Three channel LED controller, maximum power switching 144 W (12 V) or 288 W (24 V), 4 A per channel (12 A total) or 5 A maximum for a single channel. 21 modes. RF remote control.
This product has been replaced on the retailer's web site with an LED optic. Oh boy. The driver may still be available elsewhere on the site. Update: The LED optic has vanished as well.
Output voltage 10-32 V, maximum output power 11.2 W. Specs state maximum input 220 V AC but label more sensibly states 250 V AC. IP66 dust/water rating.
Output voltage 17 V (range unknown). Output current variously stated to be 2.6-3.0 A and 2.5-2.8 A, and output power 50-60 W - the same as the 7 LED version; buyer beware. Input current can be up to 8 A. 3 modes; high, medium (30%), low (10%). Low voltage protection at 6 V. Thermal protection at 55-60 °C (this seems very low).
Output current variously stated as 2.5-2.8 A and 2.6-3.0 A. Output voltage 17 V (range unknown). 5 modes; high (100%), medium-high (75%), medium (50%), low (30%), very low (5%) (no strobe!). Thermal protection, low voltage warning at 6 V.
Unknown driver operation. Assumed to be boost because of the claimed ability to drive 5 LEDs from 12 V DC, but claimed output voltage is 12 V. AC rectifier built in. Efficiency is claimed minimum. The stated length probably includes the LED leads. Duh.
This product has vanished from the retailer's web site.
Multimode boost regulator. Maximum input current 4 A. Available in two flavours - three mode Plain (low, medium, high) and four mode Special (with SOS).
This product has vanished from the retailer's web site.
Multimode boost regulator. Maximum input current 4 A. Available in two flavours - three mode Plain (low, medium, high) and four mode Special (with SOS).
$0.00 (approx) £call (actual) + shipping (sold out and/or discontinued)
Mains driver
100-264 V AC
1-16
115 V, 230 V AC mains power
700 mA constant current
1
164 mm x 46 mm x 32 mm
Driver removed from site.
Dimmable with 1-10 V input (controller available separately). Output in two series of up to 8 LEDs each. Overload protection, short-circuit protection, thermal protection.
$116.00 (approx) £55.00 (actual) + shipping (sold out and/or discontinued)
Mains driver
100-264 V AC
1-18
115 V, 230 V AC mains power
350 mA constant current
1
155 mm x 38 mm x 24 mm
Driver removed from site.
Dimmable with 1-10 V input (controller available separately). Output in two series of up to 9 LEDs each. Overload protection, short-circuit protection, thermal protection.
Maximum output power ~15 W. Polarity protection. Dimming by PWM signal or DC. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown.
Maximum output power ~15 W. Polarity protection. Dimming by PWM or DC inputs. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown.
"Great for use in Mag C & D and fixed lighting applications."
980 mA constant current
1
19 mm
Boost regulator. Maximum input current 4 A, said by manufacturer to be still efficient >3 A. Regulates on voltage or current, output current adjustable from 50-980 mA (or greater by changing set resistor, although that would remove load protection) at maximum 32 V. Includes copper heatsink; improved thermal performance and higher output voltage over standard Shark.
I note that Wayne here recommends new buyers to get three.
Maximum output voltage 48 V. Input voltage must be at least 3 V lower than output voltage. Dimmable with external potentiometer (0-100%) and on board trim adjustment (75-125%). 7 pin SIP interface for PCB mounting; wiring harness optional extra. Output has short circuit protection (15 seconds) and open circuit protection.
5.0-32 V DC; also works with AC (half available models are for DC, half for AC)
1-6
86-95%
1000 mA constant current
1
20 mm x 20 mm x 11 mm
Available in many different forms, each with four versions with outputs of 350, 500, 700 or 1,000 mA. Half the forms are designed for low voltage AC, half for DC. Some forms have a built in trim adjustment for 40-110% output, some allow for an external trim adjustment. External connections vary - some forms have the wires built in, while most have from pins (4-7 of them) for PCB mounting. Wiring harnesses are also available, with and without potentiometer for trim adjustment. An additional capacitor across the input may be needed to smooth input power, as described here.
Input voltage must be at least 2 V higher than output voltage. Output has short circuit protection (15 seconds) and open circuit protection. Efficiency is greater the more LEDs it's driving.
Common Anode Multichannel. Powers 3 LED channels with a common anode, up to a maximum power of 25 W per channel. Output current on each channel can be set at 350 mA, 700 mA, or 1000 mA, and dimmed separately using PWM or DC inputs. Reverse polarity protection. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown.
Common Anode Multichannel. Powers 4 LED channels with a common anode, up to a maximum power of 25 W per channel. Output current on each channel can be set at 350 mA, 700 mA, or 1000 mA, and dimmed separately using PWM or DC inputs. Reverse polarity protection. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown.
Boost regulator. Vin must be less than Vout. Maximum 5 A input. User adjustable constant current output up to 2 A or 48 V (45 W max). Optional external adjustment. Open circuit protected, but if doing so, LED(s) must not be connected until output has discharged from 48 V.
Incomplete and/or stupid specifications given. The presence of a transformer implies a mains driver but NO specs are given (except "350mAh" instead of mA in the title). How do they expect to sell them?
This is a constant voltage power supply, not a constant current LED driver, and is only included because it looks like an LED driver. LEDs should be driven with something to limit the current, such as a resistor. Output voltage 1-15 V. Input needs to be at least 2 V greater than output.
Formerly called H5CC. Suitable for SST-50. Output current variable from 20 mA up to 6.7 A. Overhead is 1.0 V at 5 A output. Not suitable for connecting multiple drivers in parallel. First 20 units have a maximum input of 20 V. Information thread here.
Features uController UI, "User menu reconfigurable to 1400mA/2000mA/2800mA/3600mA/5000mA/5600mA or 6600mA at any time." Ships configured for 1.4 A output. Input voltage needs to be at least 1 V higher than output voltage (at 2.8 A).
Buyer beware. Output voltage range initially not stated, then claimed to be 12.3-12.5 V, then defended as being 12.3-12.5 V. Not if it can drive 4 or 5 LEDs!
5 LEDs included (in a fancy aluminium holder) which are reported to be red, green, blue, cool white and warm white; it seems a warm white LED is pictured.
Limited supply. Buck regulator. Constant current output 2.8 A. Headroom 0.5 V. Thermal protection, polarity protection. Single mode but can be driven using a separate PWM driver.
Buck regulator, can drive up to 22 V of series connected LEDs. Constant current output user reconfigurable at any time to 1.0/1.4/2.0/2.4/2.8 A. Headroom 0.5 V @ 2.8 A. Thermal protection, polarity protection.
Boost driver, input voltage must be less than output voltage. Maximum output 80 V. Adjustable output current limit. Input current less than 5 A for optimal performance. Has open circuit and reverse polarity protection. (Note that if turned on while open circuit, output will rise to 80 V - shock hazard.)
Previous version (pre Feb 2010) maximum 1.3 A output.
Output voltage 80 V maximum. Note that this voltage represents a shock hazard - use with caution. PWM input. Open circuit protection. Technical info here.
Maximum output voltage 50 V. Output open circuit and short circuit protected; reverse polarity protected. Supports external potentiometer for dimming. Vin must be at least 2 V greater than Vf.
Driver has changed; the present driver name in this table is from the waterproof case on the previous version.
Output voltage 16-18 V. Note that 2.0 A output at 18 V is 36 W, significantly greater than the 30 W claimed, so it's possible the claimed output is approximate.
"1 W LED Driver Based on MBI6651". Although claimed to be "constant current" the output current drops the more LEDs it's driving and rises the higher the input voltage. Claimed efficiency @ 12 V input with 3 LEDs.
"3 W LED Driver Based on MBI6651". Although claimed to be "constant current" the output current drops the more LEDs it's driving and rises the higher the input voltage. Claimed efficiency @ 12 V input with 3 LEDs.
"5 W LED Driver Based on MBI6651". Although claimed to be "constant current" the output current drops the more LEDs it's driving and rises the higher the input voltage. Claimed efficiency @ 12 V input with 3 LEDs.
"0.5 W LED Driver Based on MBI6651". Although claimed to be "constant current" the output current drops the more LEDs it's driving and rises the higher the input voltage. Claimed efficiency @ 12 V input with 3 LEDs.
Apparently a voltage-controlled driver with the output voltage set using a potentiometer; output voltage 1.5-22 V (use that potentiometer with care). There's an implication this driver should be used with a resistor in series with the LEDs. Claimed "max 700 mA, peak 2 A" is contradictory. Built-in rectifier for AC or DC operation. Unknown operation method but thought to be a linear regulator because of the presence of a large heat sink on the board.
Input current up to 3 A. Soft start output, current adjustable with solder bridge (350 mA, 700 mA, 1000 mA) up to 35 V. External PWM input. Claimed efficiency is maximum; typical efficiency unknown.
Output current set by solder jumpers in 15 steps from 200 mA to 2050 mA. Tested up to 3 A output. Soft start function. Maximum input current 7 A. Maximum output voltage ~55 V. Maximum output power >100 W. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown. Thermal protection. External PWM input and external shut down.
1 V overhead. Dimming by PWM with an onboard RISC chip(!) or with DC input signal. Efficiency listed is maximum; typical efficiency unknown. Reverse polarity protection.
1 channel, switched by PIR (passive infrared) sensor. Does not seem to have any adjustment of PIR sensitivity, background light sensitivity or 'on' duration.
Output current 650-750 mA, output voltage 12-58 V. "Electronic internal resettable short circuit protection. Thermal protection and overload regulation." "Waterproof potting".
1-12 LEDs on each of three 350 mA channels. Conflicting specifications, 48 V max input in title, but 24 V max input in description. Manual also says 48 V. Can be used with RGB controller.
Output voltage 12-24 V. IP54 or IP66 dust/water rating (apparently for indoor and outdoor versions, although there's no indication of how they are distinguished when ordering). Alternative versions mentioned on the datasheet have outputs of 700 mA (18-36 V) or 2,080 mA (8-12 V).
Boost regulator. Vin must be less than Vout. User configurable constant current, 350-1300 mA (increased from 1200 mA) at up to 29 V (increased from 24 V). uController UI, status LED. Open circuit protected, polarity protected.
Output voltage 9-48 V. IP67 dust/water rating. Short circuit, over voltage, and over current protection. Claims to be suitable for XP-Gs only and that using it with XP-Es may cause them to blow. At only just over 1 A this sounds paranoid, and was probably a warning intended for the higher output drivers in the same range. The retailer was also careless with specifying the voltage range - correct range taken from datasheet.
Maximum output voltage 38 V. Maximum input current 500 mA. Output current set by solder jumpers in 9 steps from 10 mA to 200mA. Dimming by PWM signal. Soft start. Maximum claimed efficiency listed here; typical efficiency for any particular configuration unknown.
Suitable for Cree MP-L.
Mini Constant Current Power Supply with rectifier, 9 versions 20-100 mA
Led-Tech
$2.80 (approx) €1.99 (actual) + shipping
Linear regulator
6.5-38 V DC; also works with AC (4.5-26 V AC)
1-10
7-45%
100 mA constant current
1
16 mm x 7.5 mm x 3 mm
Linear regulator based on a LM317 voltage regulator chip, with a rectifier so it can cope with AC (and can be connected either way with DC). Available in nine versions providing 10 mA, 20 mA, 30 mA, 40 mA, 50 mA, 60 mA, 70 mA, 80 mA and 100 mA. Supply voltage needs to be at least 3.8 V higher than total LED Vf and not more than 38, 27, 18, 14, 12, 10, 9, 8 or 7 V higher respectively for the different versions. Efficiency figures are given for a single LED but could theoretically
be as high as 90% for a string.
Mini Constant Current Power Supply, 9 versions 10-100 mA
Led-Tech
$2.80 (approx) €1.99 (actual) + shipping
Linear regulator
5.2-37 V
1-10
7-52%
100 mA constant current
1
16 mm x 7.5 mm x 3 mm
Linear regulator based on a LM317 voltage regulator chip, available in nine versions providing 10
mA, 20
mA, 30
mA, 40
mA, 50
mA, 60
mA, 70
mA, 80
mA and 100
mA. Supply voltage needs to be at least 2.5 V higher than total LED Vf
and not more than 37, 27, 18, 14, 12, 10, 9, 8 or 7 V higher respectively for
the different versions. Efficiency figures are given for a single LED but it could
theoretically be as high as 93% for a string.
$2.34 (down from $2.50 up from $2.20, down from $2.25, down from $2.34, down from $2.53)
MR16 (buck) driver
8.0-25 V DC; also works with AC (claimed 12-40 V for board is wrong as PT4115 is 30 V max)
1-8
2-4x Li-ion, 12 V car battery
80-92%
350 mA constant current
Can be modified to 1000 mA
1
18 mm x 14 mm x 11 mm (31 mm x 18 mm x 11 mm including prongs and output terminals)
Buck regulator based on PT4115 chip and Schottky SS14 diode. Earlier version EQB8L chip. They're not quite equivalent as the PT4115 will turn off under 8 V and the EQB8L will still work under 4 V (voltages not including the rectifier on this driver). Constant current out 330 mA - 370 mA (average 350 mA in this table); there's no difference between the two 1 W versions except maybe the set resistor (R270 for 370 mA or R300 for 330 mA). Built-in rectifier, normally four Schottky SS14 diodes.
There are MR16 sockets available for them - round (17 mm diameter) and rectangular (28 mm x 17 mm).
Tip: If using DC you wouldn't need the rectifier so you could short that out for an estimated 97% efficiency, but it will still work with it left intact.
$1.99 (down from $2.13 down from $2.20, down from $2.25, down from $2.39, down from $2.53)
MR16 (buck) driver
8.0-25 V DC; also works with AC (claimed 12-40 V for board is wrong as PT4115 is 30 V max)
1-8
2-4x Li-ion, 12 V car battery
55-97%
700 mA constant current
Can be modified to 1000 mA
1
18 mm x 14 mm x 11 mm (31 mm x 18 mm x 11 mm including prongs and output terminals)
Buck regulator based on PT4115 chip and Schottky SS14 diode. Earlier version EQB8L chip. They're not quite equivalent as the PT4115 will turn off under 8 V and the EQB8L will work under 4 V (voltages not including the rectifier on this driver). Maximum voltage listed is from max rating for output capacitor. Constant current out 650-700 mA. Built-in rectifier, normally four Schottky SS14 diodes.
The PT4115 version is said to be quite good with one and quite good or excellent when driving two or more (unfortunately the test results to which I had linked have been withdrawn pending further investigation). For automotive use (~12V) the EQB8L version of this 3 W driver is not very efficient when driving only one LED, but quite good with two (84%); thus the EQB8L seems better suited to lower currents with single LEDs. There are a couple reports of this version emitting RF noise causing interference with car radios and remote locking, but most users haven't found any interference.
There are MR16 sockets available for them - round (17 mm diameter) and rectangular (28 mm x 17 mm).
Tip: If using DC and sure of polarity you wouldn't need the rectifier so you could short that out for an extra 4-6% efficiency gain, but it will still work with it left intact.
$1.95 (down from $2.25 down from $2.34, down from $2.53)
MR16 (buck) driver
8.0-25 V DC; also works with AC (claimed 12-16 V AC for board)
1-8
2-4x Li-ion, 12 V car battery
80-95%
350 mA constant current
Can be modified to 1000 mA
1
18 mm x 14 mm x 11 mm (31 mm x 18 mm x 11 mm including prongs and output terminals)
Buck regulator based on PT4115 chip and Schottky SS14 diode. Earlier version EQB8L chip. They're not quite equivalent as the PT4115 will turn off under 8 V and the EQB8L will still work under 4 V (voltages not including the rectifier on this driver). Maximum voltage listed is from max rating for output capacitor. Constant current out 330 mA to 370 mA (average 350 mA in this table); there's no difference between the two 1 W versions except maybe the set resistor (R270 for 370 mA or R300 for 330 mA), but efficiency is unknown when running a 3 LED configuration. Built-in rectifier, normally four Schottky SS14 diodes.
There are MR16 sockets available for them - round (17 mm diameter) and rectangular (28 mm x 17 mm).
Tip: If using DC you wouldn't need the rectifier so you could short that out for a few percent efficiency gain, but it will still work with it left intact.
Previously: This is a good example of what's wrong with KD. There are no specs given other than the product title, and that uses mAh instead of mA. It's just an assumption that it's for 110 V. Assumed suitable for 7 LEDs only.
Can be switched to provide 350 mA or 700 mA constant current output, or various constant voltages from 4 V (5 W) to 24 V (20 W). IP20 housing.
PowerLine Constant Current Power Supply, 6 versions 350 mA - 2.8 A
Led-Tech
$21.00 (approx) €14.90 (actual) + shipping
Linear regulator
7.0-30 V (actual permitted V over total LED Vf varies)
1-8
46-96%
2800 mA constant current
1
63 mm x 21 mm x 33 mm
Linear regulator with a heatsink, available in six versions providing 350 mA, 700 mA, 1000 mA, 1.4 A, 2.0 A and 2.8 A. Large input voltage range (the minimum input voltage of 1 V is assumed) but input voltage must be at least 1 volt above output voltage and a maximum of 22, 13, 9, 7, 6 or 4 V above output voltage for the respective versions. The mention of PWM is believed to mean this driver can be used with a separate PWM driver, not that this driver uses PWM. Has thermal protection and output short circuit protection.
Also available in SLIM versions which lack the heatsink and so have tighter input voltage tolerances.
PowerLine SLIM Constant Current Power Supply, 8 versions 180 mA - 2.8 A
Led-Tech
$18.00 (approx) €12.90 (actual) + shipping
Linear regulator
1.0-30 V (actual permitted V over total LED Vf varies)
1-8
63-96%
2800 mA constant current
1
50 mm x 7 mm x 15 mm
Linear regulator, available in eight versions providing 180 mA, 350 mA, 500 mA, 700 mA, 1000 mA, 1.4 A, 2.0 A and 2.8 A. Large input voltage range (the minimum input voltage of 1 V is assumed) but input voltage must be at least 1 volt above output voltage and a maximum of 10, 10, 7, 5, 4, 3, 2.5 or 2 V above output voltage for the respective versions. The mention of PWM is believed to mean this driver can be used with a separate PWM driver, not that this driver uses PWM. Has thermal protection and output short circuit protection.
Also available in non-SLIM versions which have a heatsink, allowing better heat dissipation and wider input voltage tolerance.
38 mm diameter (flanges 64 mm long) x 13 mm height
Input voltage must be at least 2 V higher than output voltage. Output has short circuit protection (15 seconds) and open circuit protection. Versions available with outputs of 350, 700 or 1,000 mA.
Four channel driver (using four BuckPucks) with independent dimming (140-1100 mA) on each channel (thus up to 4400 mA total). Dimming controller (eg, PC) sold separately. PCB length 102 mm but two connectors hang over the end.
3 channel, maximum 4 A per channel. Apparently the description's 12 V is correct, not the photo's "12-24V" (which has been photoshopped out of the first photo).
3 channel, maximum 4 A per channel. IR remote control. The size was formerly listed as 295 mm x 28 mm x 16 mm. Neither set of measurements really makes sense.
3 channels, maximum 4 A per channel at 12 V. 12 V and RGB input, RGB output. Buyer beware - description claims 24 V input but photos indicate only 12 V input.
This product has vanished from the retailer's web site.
Boost regulator, although Wayne says "The Shark has a hard time at voltages below ~4V". Vin must be less than Vout, and should be >1/3 Vout (preferably >1/2 Vout). Maximum input current 4 A, efficient up to 2 A. Regulates on voltage or current, output current adjustable from 50-980 mA (or greater by changing set resistor, although that would remove load protection) at maximum 26 V. Open circuit protected. Some questions are answered in this forum thread.
Presumed to be a PWM controller for RGB LED strips which have current limiting resistors built in. 3 channel, output current maximum 4A per channel. 3 modes; smooth flow, strobe, fading. Blue anodised aluminium box, claimed to be waterproof (no IP rating given). IR remote control included.
Presumed to be a PWM controller for warm white/cool white 3258 LED strips which have current limiting resistors built in, with the idea apparently being to select the overall tint. 2 channel, output current maximum 4A per channel. Adjustable brightness; 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. Golden anodised aluminium box, claimed to be waterproof (no IP rating given). IR remote control included.
1 channel, maximum 4 A. Switching by PIR (passive infrared). Length is a guess. Does not seem to have any adjustment of PIR sensitivity, background light sensitivity or 'on' duration.
$4.12 (up from $3.94, down from $4.34, down from $4.44, down from $4.88, up from $4.50,
Boost driver
3.0-12.5 V (5-8.4 V claimed)
2-6
4-8x NiMH, 2x Li-ion
72-90%
650 mA constant current
Can be modified to 2000 mA
5
26 mm x 13 mm high
A boost board for up to 5 LEDs in series (so would be ideal for a well-heatsinked MC-E with the dice in series).
Version 2, TR-0055C or TR-5055C: Has a slightly smaller inductor than the previous version and uses the FP5138 regulator chip. Output is set to 650 mA.
Version 1, TR-0055 or TR-5055 or TR-0055a2 or TR-5055a2: Has a lovely big-looking inductor and uses the AS2001 regulator chip.
5 modes, with memory - high, medium (56%), low (26%), fast strobe, SOS. Test results here or here by EpRoM which includes a 30 minute test at 12.44 V. Voltage across sense resistor is 0.5 V.
Tip 1: An investigation into eliminating the flashing modes is here (for single mode mod see post 11 and pic in post 13).
Tip 2: Operation with >12 V input may need a resistor changed, and for running 6 LEDs the output capacitor may need to be changed - an analysis and discusssion is here.
All prices in US$ (except where dual prices are listed in US$ and €
for some European retailers).
All driver boards from DealExtreme and KaiDomain include shipping.
Information is unfortunately not guaranteed to be correct.
any updates, corrections, omissions, etc.
However, please don't bother sending me an email to tell me about
your company's LED products. It will be treated as spam. I really
don't like spam, and SpamCop is busy enough as it is without having
to process your email as well. Putting "Re" in the front of your spam's subject does not make it any less likely your spam will be sent to SpamCop.
Recommended drivers highlighted in green.
They have a good combination of price, features and efficiency.
Drivers no longer available (sold out
or backordered) are highlighted in grey.
Recommended drivers no longer available
are highlighted in a darker green.
Drivers listed at those resellers as "Backordered" etc
for more than a month are deemed to be discontinued (although I'm happy
to later be proven wrong).
Don't connect drivers that have capacitors across their outputs to
LEDs while the driver is powered. An explanation
(on CPF) why not.
No mains driver will be completely waterproof. Those that are water resistant mostly have an IP rating (eg, IP67).
Notes
on AMC7135 linear regulator(click to expand/contract)
The AMC7135 (datasheet)
is a linear regulator, which means it acts like a variable resistor changing
its value to try to keep the current constant. Like a resistor, any dropped
voltage is burnt off as heat. Boards include a polarity protection diode and
can easily be PWM-driven for lower modes.
Vin must be at least 0.12 V above Vf of LED to stay
in regulation, although they drop out of regulation quite gracefully, not suddenly. The
graph in the AMC7135 datasheet (Jan 2006) has the 0.1 and 1 volt vertical
lines missing. Each AMC7135 provides constant current, about 1/3 amp (actually 300-380 mA depending on particular version; I've generally assumed
330-335 mA for above listings). Boards come with one to eight AMC7135s, and
single mode up to 20 mode. Boards can be paralleled to give greater output, or connected with one multimode board controller providing the modes for several boards.
The AMC7135 is very efficient when input voltage is close to output
voltage but not particularly good when input voltage is significantly higher. Average efficiency for 3x NiMH or 1x Li-ion can be well
over 90% with an LED with the right Vf. Test
results and discussion for 3 and 4 chip boards.
Since the AMC7135 just burns off excess input volts as heat, the more volts
fed into them the hotter they'll get. One guy claimed that his got so hot they slid right off the board (ie, >183-190 °C
melting range of 60/40 solder). The AMC7135 has built-in thermal protection
(which will cause dropouts or a flickering effect if it gets too hot) but
the multi-mode control chips used on the multi-mode boards are much
less rugged. (And here.) If using with an input voltage above 4.5 V or so you can expect them to get hot!
To get multiple modes typical microcontrollers used are the Atmel ATtiny13 (or
13A or 13V) and the Microchip PIC12F629.
These both have a 5.5 V maximum, while the AMC7135 linear regulator has
a 6.0 V maximum. This means that multimode drivers will have a slighty lower
maximum voltage than single mode boards.
Tip 1: To get reliable operation at low voltages, especially with only
one AMC7135 chip being used, you may need to short out (and maybe remove)
the polarity protection diode(s)*. This is because the AMC7135 in series
with a polarity protection diode needs a minimum 2.7 V + 0.6 V (silicon
diode) = 3.3 V to stay in regulation. The Vf of LEDs
at 330-350 mA can easily be quite a bit lower than 3.3 V so will not be
running in regulation. Note that if a germanium or Schottky diode was used the drop
could be as low as 0.3 V instead of 0.6 V.
* However, I found with one multimode board this caused the board to
go unstable (don't know exactly why) but I found that inserting a small
value resistor instead of the diode was enough to get the driver stable
again. Because the drive current through that point in the circuit is
so low (6 mA for mine) there's very little voltage drop across the resistor
- much less than across the diode - so it still serves the purpose of
saving ~0.6 V.
Tip 2: If the input voltage is too high you may be able to use
another LED in series with the board to drop the voltage - it beats burning it all off as heat. (The set current
is <1 mA for single mode boards so both LEDs will get practically identical
current. Diagrams
and much discussion of use with multiple Seoul P7s and multi-mode boards.)
More than one extra LED appears to be not a good idea for use with the lower
modes of multi-mode boards since the Vf of the extra LEDs decreases
too much at the low current to protect the driver from the battery voltage.
(Many of the multi-mode boards have a capacitor on the output.) Flashing modes appear unsuited to this technique.
AMC7135-based driver options are discussed here,
or an inexpensive multimode AMC7135 driver here.
Notes
on PT4105 and alternative driver chips (PT4115, AX2002, CL6807)(click to
expand/contract)
Production
of this driver IC - as used in the Kennan and MR16 base drivers described above
- has been terminated. The manufacturer doesn't even have a publicly displayed
link to the datasheet any more, which is the weirdest part of it. This from
Micro Bridge (now removed from their site; try to ignore
the punctuation and spacing):
The PT4105 which the manufacture has already officially stopped producing,and
the subsequent instead item is the PT4115,AX2002 and FP6101 Also,The PT4115,AX2002
and FP6101 has superior performance over ,wider input range and more current
than the PT4105.
While
I look forward to the PT4115 being available in low cost LED drivers (by
its numbering the apparent successor to the PT4105), I note that it needs
an input of at least 8 V (and has under voltage lock out at 6.8 V), so isn't
nearly as well suited to low voltage torches as the PT4105 was. It will,
however, have its uses for 3x Li-ion torches and automotive purposes. The
chip has a DIM pin which gives it the ability to very easily
be dimmed. Efficiency is about 80-82% for 1 LED, up to 93% for 3 LEDs, and
apparently up to 98% for 7 LEDs. Maximum output current 1.2 A.
This
driver chip from AXElite looks extremely interesting. It will
accept a minimum 3.6 V input and has a maximum switched current of 2.5 A,
although it tends to overheat at more than 2 A. It includes thermal protection
(140°C),
over current protection, short circuit protection, and has a PWM control
circuit. Its efficiency
is good too, with an output of 2 A @ 5 V it's an impressive 91% efficient
(with 12 V input). Driving a Cree XR-E at 1 amp will give an efficiency of
about 87-88% (with 12 V input). Efficiency is not quite as good at low currents with a single LED, dropping under 80%.
AX2002 drivers can also easily be configured as a constant voltage power supply. The load is connected straight to ground and the 0.25 V reference voltage is used to control a voltage divider with a couple of moderately high value resistors to give a fixed multiple of 0.25V at VOUT.
For example, for 5 V, 5 = 20 * 0.25, so a 10 kΩ resistor is placed between ground and FB (the feedback pin), and a 190 kΩ resistor between FB and VOUT (making the total of those resistors between VOUT and ground of 200 kΩ).
When used in this way, to give stability the current through the resistors probably just needs to be comfortably greater than the feedback pin bias current of (0.1 µA typical, 0.5 µA maximum). If two exact resistor values for the voltage divider are not available it's easiest to use a single resistor for the sense resistor (between ground and FB), while the other value (between FB and VOUT) uses two resistors in series or parallel. For series, one of those two resistors will be as close as possible to the desired value, and just under it, while the other will be a much smaller resistor to tweak the total resistance up for the output voltage wanted. For parallel, the main resistor is just over the actual value wanted while the other resistor with about ten times the resistance tweaks the total resistance down. If that resistor is getting into megaohms you should probably revise your values.
Some AX2002 drivers (such as DX 3256sadly no longer an AX2002 driver) come with a 1 A Schottky diode, which will need to be changed if increasing the output current over 1 A. See the Schottky diode notes below for links.
The
AX2002 also has a big brother, the AX2003, which
has a maximum switched current specification of 4 amps – easily enough to
drive a Seoul P7, or a Cree MC-E with the dice in parallel. No drivers with
the AX2003 are presently known. The spec sheets of the AX chips could do
with a few more graphs showing how constant the output current is, etc.
Chinese LED driver, 1 A maximum output current, 6-35 V input, 0.1 V high side sense voltage. Claims to be able to provide up to 35 W output power. Dimmable with 0.5-2.5 V PWM signal.
So there are some nice driver chip options, but it still leaves a gap of a high efficiency,
really low voltage, low current
driver.
Notes
on Schottky diodes(click to
expand/contract)
Schottky diodes are diodes that have a low voltage drop across them. 0.3 V is a typical figure, compared to around 0.60-0.65 V for a typical silicon diode. This makes Schottky diodes good for rectifiers and LED drivers where high efficiency is required. Drivers that use the AX2002 such as DX 3256 can easily be modified for higher output current but the Schottky diode needs to be replaced if the output current is to exceed 1 A.
Inexpensive Schottky diodes are available from these sources:
These MR16 drivers have four 1 A (SS14) Schottky diodes on them used for the rectifier plus another for the driver (links jump to driver info in table above):